WORKING SYSTEM OF COMPRESSORS
WORKING SYSTEM OF COMPRESSORS
Compressors are simple devices that have the ability to send or enter high-pressure air. Compressors are often used for:
Compressor can be divided into two:
A. Positive Displacement In this method, gas or air is included in a closed space then the volume of space is reduced so that the pressure rises.
The types of compressors with work principles like this are:
- Reciprocating
- Rotary:
either Screw type or Lobe (blower) Reciprocating Screw Compressor Compressor
B. Dynamic In this method, the speed is given to gas or air, then the speed is converted to pressure by pressing the air / gas in a fixed volume range.
The type of compressor with the working principle like this is:
- Centrifugal / Turbo
- Axial Flow
The function of the compressor lubricant is: Axial Flow Compressor
1. Reducing friction
2. Prevent wear / wear
3. Increase sealing of the compressed space
4. Cool to perform the functions as above
Therefore compressor lubricants must have:
1. Resistance to oxidation In the presence of oxygen, the high temperature will produce sludge, increased viscosity, carbon deposits, even fire hazards. Therefore lubricants must have physical properties for oxidation resistance.
2. Stability to High Temperature When the compressor is operated, the temperature will rise & the lubricant must be able to reduce (cooling system) temperature without damage to the lubricant itself (stable). Lubricants that fail to anticipate temperatures will also form carbon deposits & will cause fires. High temperatures are generally produced by reciprocating type compressors.
3. Stable Viscosity Determination of viscosity is the most important thing in the operation of the compressor. Viscosity must be sufficient to provide a thin layer of lubricant between two metal surfaces that meet each other but are quite thin (thin) so as to reduce the energy needed to anticipate internal friction (drag).
Selection of Compressor Lubricants Determine which lubricant is suitable for the compressor not only based on the type / type of compressor and its working method, but also influenced by the gas to be compressed. The following are some types of gas compressed to the compressor and their effects on lubricants:
1. Air The biggest content is oxygen and nitrogen. Air actually has no effect on lubricants, but it should be remembered that air contains water vapor. If condensation occurs inside the machine, the water vapor will turn into water, which becomes a contaminant for the lubricant.
2. Carbon dioxide tends to reduce oil viscosity so it is necessary to use a relatively higher viscosity in operation.
3. Ammonia Ammonia with moisture (moisture) will react with additives and oxidation products that will form foam, therefore the additives used must not react with ammonia, such as "non acidic rust inhibitors".
4. Oxygen With lubricants will cause an explosion when associated with high temperatures.
5. Chlorine and Hydrogen Chlorine Will react with the lubricant so that it will form a sludge and deposit.
6. Sulfur Dioxide Will react with lubricants, causing a decrease in viscosity. In addition it will also produce sludge when reacting with certain additives in the presence of water.
7. Hydrogen Sulfide Will cause water-triggered corrosion.
Lubricants for Refrigeration Compressors Because the working principle and operating conditions differ from air compressors, the characteristic lubricants for refrigeration compressors are also slightly different.
The following explanation, Refrigeration (cooling) is the process of removing heat from a substance to become cold. For example, when the ice melts, the ice absorbs heat from the surrounding environment which causes a cooling effect on the environment around the ice.
In refrigeration systems, the process used to obtain continuous cooling is done by changing the refrigerant (liquid) from the liquid form to the gas form and returning to the liquid form continuously by means of evaporation and condensation. Therefore, in the refrigeration system (cooling) are known 5 parts of the main equipment, namely, evaporator equipment (evaporator), suppressor equipment (compressor), condenser equipment (condenser), receiving equipment / receiver (receiver / reservoir), and the spread valve (expansion valve).
The refrigerant is transformed from liquid into steam by flowing from the receiver / reservoir (receiver / reservoir) through the expansion valve to the "evaporator coil" equipment, it is this refrigerant vapor which then absorbs the surrounding environment heat, in terms of this is the air in the cooling room (refrigerator room).
The function of the compressor in the cooling system does not only provide pressure to send refrigerants to the "evaporator coil" until it changes form from liquid to vapor, but the compressor also places condenser pressure to change the coolant from the vapor to the liquid form again, until the cooling process can run continuously.
The temperature of the refrigeration compressor can reach -30oc. Look at the working conditions of the refrigeration compressor, it requires lubricants with characteristics:
1. Choice of oil base with a relatively high viscosity index so that the oil viscosity / thickness is relatively stable.
2. The base oil chosen is generally from the naphthanic series, which naturally has a relatively lower pour point than the paraffin series.
3. To get better cooling performance, lubricants with pure synthetic base material from the Polyol Ester series are the right choice.
Compressors are simple devices that have the ability to send or enter high-pressure air. Compressors are often used for:
- Sending power (in the form of air) for pneumatic equipment and lifting equipment that works pneumatically
- Sending and dividing gases such as gas pipes and liquid fuels
- Provides high pressure air as in automotive engines
- Increase the pressure system to help chemical reactions based on the method of work
Compressor can be divided into two:
A. Positive Displacement In this method, gas or air is included in a closed space then the volume of space is reduced so that the pressure rises.
The types of compressors with work principles like this are:
- Reciprocating
- Rotary:
either Screw type or Lobe (blower) Reciprocating Screw Compressor Compressor
B. Dynamic In this method, the speed is given to gas or air, then the speed is converted to pressure by pressing the air / gas in a fixed volume range.
The type of compressor with the working principle like this is:
- Centrifugal / Turbo
- Axial Flow
The function of the compressor lubricant is: Axial Flow Compressor
1. Reducing friction
2. Prevent wear / wear
3. Increase sealing of the compressed space
4. Cool to perform the functions as above
Therefore compressor lubricants must have:
1. Resistance to oxidation In the presence of oxygen, the high temperature will produce sludge, increased viscosity, carbon deposits, even fire hazards. Therefore lubricants must have physical properties for oxidation resistance.
2. Stability to High Temperature When the compressor is operated, the temperature will rise & the lubricant must be able to reduce (cooling system) temperature without damage to the lubricant itself (stable). Lubricants that fail to anticipate temperatures will also form carbon deposits & will cause fires. High temperatures are generally produced by reciprocating type compressors.
3. Stable Viscosity Determination of viscosity is the most important thing in the operation of the compressor. Viscosity must be sufficient to provide a thin layer of lubricant between two metal surfaces that meet each other but are quite thin (thin) so as to reduce the energy needed to anticipate internal friction (drag).
Selection of Compressor Lubricants Determine which lubricant is suitable for the compressor not only based on the type / type of compressor and its working method, but also influenced by the gas to be compressed. The following are some types of gas compressed to the compressor and their effects on lubricants:
1. Air The biggest content is oxygen and nitrogen. Air actually has no effect on lubricants, but it should be remembered that air contains water vapor. If condensation occurs inside the machine, the water vapor will turn into water, which becomes a contaminant for the lubricant.
2. Carbon dioxide tends to reduce oil viscosity so it is necessary to use a relatively higher viscosity in operation.
3. Ammonia Ammonia with moisture (moisture) will react with additives and oxidation products that will form foam, therefore the additives used must not react with ammonia, such as "non acidic rust inhibitors".
4. Oxygen With lubricants will cause an explosion when associated with high temperatures.
5. Chlorine and Hydrogen Chlorine Will react with the lubricant so that it will form a sludge and deposit.
6. Sulfur Dioxide Will react with lubricants, causing a decrease in viscosity. In addition it will also produce sludge when reacting with certain additives in the presence of water.
7. Hydrogen Sulfide Will cause water-triggered corrosion.
Lubricants for Refrigeration Compressors Because the working principle and operating conditions differ from air compressors, the characteristic lubricants for refrigeration compressors are also slightly different.
The following explanation, Refrigeration (cooling) is the process of removing heat from a substance to become cold. For example, when the ice melts, the ice absorbs heat from the surrounding environment which causes a cooling effect on the environment around the ice.
In refrigeration systems, the process used to obtain continuous cooling is done by changing the refrigerant (liquid) from the liquid form to the gas form and returning to the liquid form continuously by means of evaporation and condensation. Therefore, in the refrigeration system (cooling) are known 5 parts of the main equipment, namely, evaporator equipment (evaporator), suppressor equipment (compressor), condenser equipment (condenser), receiving equipment / receiver (receiver / reservoir), and the spread valve (expansion valve).
The refrigerant is transformed from liquid into steam by flowing from the receiver / reservoir (receiver / reservoir) through the expansion valve to the "evaporator coil" equipment, it is this refrigerant vapor which then absorbs the surrounding environment heat, in terms of this is the air in the cooling room (refrigerator room).
The function of the compressor in the cooling system does not only provide pressure to send refrigerants to the "evaporator coil" until it changes form from liquid to vapor, but the compressor also places condenser pressure to change the coolant from the vapor to the liquid form again, until the cooling process can run continuously.
The temperature of the refrigeration compressor can reach -30oc. Look at the working conditions of the refrigeration compressor, it requires lubricants with characteristics:
1. Choice of oil base with a relatively high viscosity index so that the oil viscosity / thickness is relatively stable.
2. The base oil chosen is generally from the naphthanic series, which naturally has a relatively lower pour point than the paraffin series.
3. To get better cooling performance, lubricants with pure synthetic base material from the Polyol Ester series are the right choice.
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